According to some studies, seaweed extract has been shown to have anti-inflammatory benefits. Jiang, J.; Chen, Y.; Wang, W.; Cui, B.; Wan, N. Synthesis of superparamagnetic carboxymethyl chitosan/sodium alginate nanosphere and its application for immobilizing α-amylase. Effects of micronization on the physicochemical properties of peels of three root and tuber crops. ; Félix-Medina, J.V. Many rich resources and unique environments are provided by the ocean. Phycocyanin and phycoerythrin belong to the phycobilin group (, Algae have extremely varied colorations; however, all have chlorophyll. Je, J.-Y. The anticoagulant and lipolysis-stimulating activity of polysaccharides from marine brown algae. Fucoidan: Versatile cosmetic ingredient. This is Seaweed. ; Jeon, Y.J. ; McDowell, R.A.; Shashkov, A.S.; Nifantev, N.E. ; Tham, R.; Zhang, W. Potential products from the highly diverse and endemic macroalgae of southern Australia and pathways for their sustainable production. ; Zelinsky, N.D. Chapter 2—Chemical structures of algal polysaccharides. ; Park, D.H. Effect of seaweed extract on hair growth promotion in experimental study of C57BL/6 mice. Wu, L.; Sun, J.; Su, X.; Yu, Q.; Yu, Q.; Zhang, P. A review about the development of fucoidan in antitumor activity: Progress and challenges. Manufacturing Usage: Seaweed is a good emulsifier and possesses good water holding, oil holding, gelling, and binding properties, which make it quite useful in food and industrial applications. Wijesinghea, W.A.J.P. It provides insulation to the body, stores energy, and mechanically allows the attenuation and dispersion of externally applied pressure [, Aging is a natural process that causes physiological changes in the skin. ; Whiting, D.; Savin, R.; DeVillez, R.; Bergfeld, W.; Price, V.H. They were discovered for the use in cosmetics because of its characteristics as true multi-talents for skin care. The structure of a sulfated galactan from. Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid molecules, which are classified as xanthophylls (astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, loraxanthin, lutein, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin) and carotene (α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene) [, Carotenoids have been shown to be of great interest to human well-being. Lorbeer, A.J. The compounds mentioned in this review, all extracted from algae and possessing various bioactivities, are considered as a natural source almost inexhaustible for different industrial areas such as food and nutrition [. The bioprocess-technological potential of the sea. ; Dell’Acqua, G.; Gardiner, V.-A. ; Nam, T.-J. ; Westcott, N.D.; Hu, C.; Kitts, D.D. Continuous lipid extraction of microalgae using high-pressure carbon. European Patent EP1786862 A1, 2007. Many studies have shown that there are positive results when it comes to the nutritional composition, secondary metabolites and bioactivities of seaweed. ; Jorge, R.J.B. AD can occur at any age; most often affects newborns and children. ; Alves, V.M. McClellan, K.J. ; Ngo, D.H.; Kim, S.K. The spinous stratum, which presents cells of polyhedral shape. Urquiaga, I.; Leighton, F. Plant polyphenol antioxidants and oxidative stress. ; Dhalwal, K.; Namdeo, A.G.; Mahadik, K.R. Ishihara, K.; Oyamada, S.; Matsushima, R.; Murata, M.; Muraoka, T. Inhibitory effect of porphyran, prepared from dried Nori, on contact hypersensitivity in mice. Yuan, Y.V. We use algae for food, medicine, and even to combat climate change. To further differentiate themselves, cosmetics makers say processing impacts a product’s efficacy and their own way is, of course, best. In, Colwell, R.R. Available online: Fitton, J.H. ; Vanderlei, E.D.O. In, Pereira, L.; Ribeiro-Claro, P.J.A. activates the cutaneous metabolism and locally stimulates the blood circulation, indirectly promoting the oxygenation and nutrition of these tissues. Esthetic World. Netalgae. Kuznetsova, T.A. Fucoxanthin enhances HO-1 and NQOI expression in murine hepatic BNL CL2 cells through activation of the Nrf2/ARE system partially by its pro-oxidant activity. ; Kim, S.K. Chen, K.-T.; Cheng, C.-H.; Wu, Y.-H.; Lu, Y.-C.; Lin, Y.-H.; Lee, H.-T. Yun, E.J. Even the driest complexions are renewed and rejuvenated. The present uses of seaweeds at present are as human foods, cosmetics, fertilisers, and for the extraction of industrial gums and chemicals. In. 5 • Seaweed has been a food source for thousands of years, forming a staple part of the In. Boudicca Fox-Leonard meets Dom Bridges, who turned his nose up at the rat race and created a cosmetics hit – with seaweed Credit: Christopher Pledger Boudicca Fox-Leonard 2 April 2017 • 7:00am ; Dunea, G. Severe hypertension. Andrade, S.C.D. Zhao, R.; Liang, H.; Clarke, E.; Jackson, C.; Xue, M. Inflammation in chronic wounds. Senni, K.; Gueniche, F.; Foucault-Bertaud, A.; Igondjo-Tchen, S.; Fioretti, F.; Colliec-Jouault, S.; Durand, P.; Guezennec, J.; Godeau, G.; Letourneur, D. Fucoidan a sulfated polysaccharide from brown algae is a potent modulator of connective tissue proteolysis. ; Momot, A.P. 1. Novak, N.; Bieber, T. Allergic and nonallergic forms of atopic diseases. Seaweed Application in Cosmetics. Cellular activities and docking studies of eckol isolated from. Available online: Dermika. ; Valdez-Flores, M.A. Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of. Ahn, M.J.; Yoon, K.D. Bak, S.-S.; Sung, Y.; Kim, S.-K. 7-Phloroeckol promotes hair growth on human follicles in vitro. The Indonesian seaweed industry provides solutions to worldwide economic, environmental and social challenges. In the case of water and other polar solvents, extracts are rich in polysaccharides, proteins, and other bioactive water-soluble compounds. Uses of Seaweeds Seaweeds are used in many maritime countries as a source of food, for industrial applications and as a fertiliser. So, following are the uses of sargassum which are as follows:-Source of agar: Sargassum is used for making agar which is obtained from several species. Available online: Wang, R.; Paul, V.J. Cosmetic attributes of algae—A review. Reef, R.; Kaniewska, P.; Hoegh-Guldberg, O. Coral skeletons defend against ultraviolet radiation. Charlier, R.H.; Chaineux, M.-C.P. Specialist of Natural Algae-Based Solutions, 2017. De Roeck-Holtzhauer, Y. Historically, the Chinese, Egyptians, and Romans already knew some of their properties, having produced several panaceas from algae [, The reality is that the components of the sea (be they minerals or organic ones) have always been part of our lives. Peng, J.; Yuan, J.-P.; Wu, C.-F.; Wang, J.-H. Fucoxanthin, a marine carotenoid present in brown seaweeds and diatoms: Metabolism and bioactivities relevant to human health. Factors that influence the cutaneous synthesis and dietary sources of vitamin D. Wickett, R.R. US Patent 8318178 B2, 2012. In. Available online: Mesnildrey, L.; Jacob, C.; Frangoudes, K.; Reunavot, M.; Lesueur, M. Seaweed industry in France. Protective effect of, Kim, K.C. ; Kang, H.K. ; Jean, Y.J. ; Oh, J.-Y. US Patent US20060115443A1, 2003. ; de Menezes, D.B. ; Lee, M.-S.; Shin, T.-S.; Hua, H.; Jang, B.-C.; Choi, J.-S.; Byun, D.-S.; Utsuki, T.; Ingram, D.; Kim, H.-R. Phlorofucofuroeckol A inhibits the LPS-stimulated iNOS and COX-2 expressions in macrophages via inhibition of NF-κB, Akt, and p38 MAPK. Present and potential industrial applications of macro- and microalgae. Available online: Goldberg, S.L. Exploring the potential of using algae in cosmetics. The soles of the feet, for example, have a greater layer when compared to the region of the belly. Most difficult living conditions do not present any problems for them due to their huge ability to adapt. ; Qi, H.M.; Zhao, T.T. ; Cha, J.W. Nagashima, H.; Hanada, K.; Hashimoto, I. Effect of phlorotannins isolated from, Kong, C.-S.; Kim, J.-A. ; Omar, A.K.M. ; Zhao, R.X. ; Wagemaker, T.A.L. Paul, C.; Pohnert, G. Production and role of volatile halogenated compounds from marine algae. Zhang, X.-F.; Dai, Y.-C.; Zhong, W.; Tan, M.; Lv, Z.-P.; Zhou, Y.-C.; Jiang, X. Tannic acid inhibited norovirus binding to HBGA receptors, a study of 50 Chinese medicinal herbs. Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE), an alternative energy assisted extraction method, is based on the migration of sound waves, which creates cavitation that grow and collapse, leading to rupture of the cells and their walls. They are usually present in lymph nodes and can be found in other organs in the condition of histiocytosis. How is seaweed processed? Available online: Wang, H.-M.; Chou, Y.-T.; Wen, Z.-H.; Wang, C.-Z. ; Sung, Y.K. ; Kim, E.-K.; Park, J.-S.; Yoon, H.-D.; Kim, K.-R.; Ahn, C.-B. ; Hwang, E.-K.; Koh, Y.-S.; Hyun, J.-W.; Kwon, S.-Y. Al-Bader, T.; Davis, M.; Laloeuf, A.; Rawlings, A.V. Oceans, which have a rich diversity of marine life, constitute the major component of the Earth’s surface, consisting of salt water, forming the major part of the hydrosphere: approximately 71% of the Earth’s surface (an area of 361 million square km), and more than half of this area has depths greater than 3000 m. Oceans offer a rich natural product line to humanity. Marine carotenoids: Biological functions and commercial applications. ; Sinnecker, P. Antioxidant activity of chlorophylls and their derivatives. Ryu, B.; Li, Y.; Qian, Z.J. Functional ingredients, including essential proteins, bioactive peptides, enzymes, minerals, polysaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and vitamins, are the first to come to mind [. Sanghvi, A.M.; Lo, Y.M. A study on the rich compounds and potential benefits of algae: A review. Procyanidin formation. The large area of seaweed in Indonesian waters is a good source of CO2 absorbtion, generating positive environmental impact. Available online: Andre, G.; Pellegrini, M.; Pellegrini, M. Cosmetic or Dermatological Compositions Especially Useful as Antiaging and Antiwrinkle Products Comprise Extracts of, Carvalho, L.G. Use of Algae Extract to Stimulate the Oxygen Uptake by the Cells Having Lipolytic Effect to Produce ATP Molecules, 2006. Sea water contains minerals like iodine, which stimulates the thyroid, a gland that regulates metabolism. in response to reports of highly degraded carrageenan-induced ulceration of the colon. Oriflame Cosmetics SA, 2018. ; Kang, B.M. Lusalgae. Their use in cosmetics was discovered due to their skin care characteristics as true multi-talents. There are numerous marine organisms with great potential to produce bioactive compounds that can be used as nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. Seaweed is gathered as food, processed and used as fertiliser, forms an ingredient in many cosmetics and spa treatments, and is the subject of biotechnological and pharmaceutical research. In therapeutic terms, seawater has a recognized action in the treatment of diseases that afflict skin tissues, whether cutaneous (skin) and/or mucous membranes [, Thalassotherapy, originally from Ireland, consisted of a bath of seaweed prepared with warm fresh water, seawater and fresh seaweed, mainly, Due to its composition (salt and iodine) seawater was one of the first therapies used by man for both aesthetic purposes and a source of well-being. ; Emadi, M.; Meng, G.Y. ; Montoya, N.G. Protective effect of. In solution, the polymers of carrageenan behave like hydrophilic anionic colloids. ; Hreggvidsson, G.O. ; Ko, K.I. Demais, H.; Brendle, J.; Le Deit, H.; Laza Anca, L.; Lurton, L.; Brault, D. Argiles Intercalés, 2007. Zenmony. We now know that the good results obtained in the treatment of Goiter based on the use of, Thyroid hormones are involved in mechanisms that enhance the synthesis of carnitine palmitoyl transferase which, in turn, promote lipolysis, and increase the penetration of fatty acids into the mitochondria [, The appearance of the hair related to its color, style and length, plays a crucial role in self-perception of people’s physical appearance, although the appearance of hair has a major impact on the definition of the social and economic class of each individual [, Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most common type of alopecia, is a recurring problem in men over 40 years of age. The statements, opinions and data contained in the journals are solely Alvarez, A.M.R. ; Lee, S.; Kim, J.H. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the major components of the dermis and is involved in tissue repair. Hosikian, A.; Lim, S.; Halim, R.; Danquah, M.K. The correlation of in vitro mushroom tyrosinase activity with cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin formation in melanoma cells A2058. These green photosynthetic pigments, with antioxidant and antimutagenic properties, are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries [, Presently, many of the studies involving algae pigments are focused on carotenoids as commercially applicable bioactive compounds. Phytomer freeze-dries ingredients just after they are collected from the sea. Enzyme assisted extraction (EAE) has attracted considerable interest because its hydrolytic action on algae structures and compounds can weaken or disrupt the cell wall structure and also break down complex internal storage compounds, releasing polysaccharides, proteins, and peptides or amino acids. Depending on the solvents used, temperature, pH, and duration of extraction, different extraction efficiencies can be achieved. Cannell, R.J.P. Applications of algae in cosmetics: An overview. cosmetic products; cosmeceuticals; seawater; thalassotherapy; bath; skin; UV protection; treatment; eczemas; dermatoses; psoriasis; nasopharyngeal inflammations; conjunctivitis, Algas Marinhas da Costa Portuguesa—Ecologia, Biodiversidade e Utilizações, Guia Ilustrado das Macroalgas—Conhecer e Reconhecer Algumas Espécies da Flora Portuguesa, Therapeutic and Nutritional Uses of Algae, CBI Product Factsheet: Natural Ingredients for Cosmetics in Europe, Marine Algae—Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Environmental Assessment and Biotechnology, Carrageenans—Sources and Extraction Methods, Molecular Structure, Bioactive Properties and Health Effects, Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology, Comprehensive Glycoscience, Vol. Cha, S.H. ; Kim, S.-N.; Choi, H.-Y. These structures within the cell are the precursors of keratin. This usually refers to the use of alginate or carrageenan in the product, and their uses in cosmetics. Stengel, D.B. ; Pereira, L. Review of marine algae as source of bioactive metabolites, chapter 6. Effects of secondary metabolites on digestion in marine herbivores. These algal active constituents have direct relevance in cosmetics. Seaweed is used for the production of bio yarn (a textile). ; Fleurence, J.; Lamghari, R.; Lun, M.; Rouxel, C.; Barbaroux, O.; Bronowicki, J.-P.; Villaume, C.; Guéant, J.-L. Nutritional value of proteins from edible seaweed. Residual biomasses and protein hydrolysates of three green microalgae species exhibit antioxidant and anti-aging activity. Seaweed Extract Is Moisturizing They are source of: proteins of excellent quality, because they contain all the essential amino acids; polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially the omega-3 family and other essential fatty acids; carbohydrates; vitamins; minerals (magnesium and calcium); dietary fibers (such as alginates, agar and carrageenans) and bioactive secondary metabolites (such as phytosterols and polyphenols), among others [, Seaweed as a basic diet item has been used in China, Korea and Japan since prehistoric times. Available online: Texinfine. ; Efimov, V.S. When consumed, it appears to reduce the intensity of the inflammatory response and promote a faster tissue healing after wounding or surgical trauma. ; Maia Campos, P.M.B.G. 2, Analysis of Glycans, Carrageenans: Sources and Extraction Methods, Molecular Structure, Bioactive Properties and Health Effects, Algae. Algal chemodiversity and bioactivity: Sources of natural variability and implications for commercial application. Westby, T.; Duignan, G.; Smyth, T.; Cadogan, A. Solano, F.; Briganti, S.; Picardo, M.; Ghanem, G. Hypopigmenting agents: An updated review on biological, chemical and clinical aspects. Kaufman, K.D. Mild-acid hydrolysis of a native polysulfated fraction from, Al-Fadhli, A.; Wahidulla, S.; D’Souza, L. Glycolipids from the red alga, Fabrowska, J.; Łęska, B.; Schroeder, G.; Messyasz, B.; Pikosz, M. Biomass and extracts of algae as material for cosmetics. ; Breternitz, M.; Kowatzki, D.; Bauer, A.; Bossert, J.; Elsner, P.; Hipler, U.C. ; Golberg, A.; Tadmor-Shalev, N.; et al. All seaweeds are not edible. Usov, A.I. Rahimpour, Y.; Hamishehkar, H. Liposomes in cosmeceutics. Several of these resources can be obtained from seaweed through biorefining. Shibata, T.; Fujimoto, K.; Nagayama, K.; Yamaguchi, K.; Nakamura, T. Inhibitory activity of brown algal phlorotannins against hyaluronidase. Rodrigues, D.; Sousa, S.; Silva, A.; Amorim, M.; Pereira, L.; Rocha-Santos, T.A. ; Chowdhury, S.S.; Sohn, H.S. The use of water soluble chlorophyll in oral sepsis: An experimental study of 300 cases. In extractions with non-polar solvents the extracts obtained are rich in phenolic compounds, fatty acids, pigments, and other lipophilic compounds. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. For instance, the treatment with the ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc) of, Although cellulite is not a disease, it is a fundamentally cosmetic issue, especially for post-adolescent women [, Seaweed extracts may also be of interest for slimming purposes [. ; Girolamo, M.; Ficoneri, C.; Riccioni, G. Fucoxantin: A treasure from the sea. ; Jiménez-Edeza, M.; Rivera-López, J.; Valdez-Flores, M.A. The commonly used techniques are [. ; Park, S.H. You seem to have javascript disabled. ; Jung, S.S.; Chul, H.S. Bak, S.S.; Ahn, V.; Kim, J.A. A family business producing seaweed as supplements, cooking, gardening and bath products. Accompanying this trend, the demand for products made from natural raw materials has increased (preferably those of vegetable origin), allowing for the appearance of a new niche market (natural and/or biological), in which algae have flourished, thanks to its role in human well-being, which is increasingly being recognized [, Around 221 seaweed species have commercial value, and about 10 species are intensely cultivated, such as brown seaweed (Phaeophyceae—, Today, the global seaweed industry is worth more than USD 6 billion per annum (approximately 12 million tons per annum in volume) of which 85% comprises food products for human consumption. This is, of all the methods mentioned here, not only the simplest, but the most cost-effective. ; Benevenuto, C.G. Martínez-Esparza, M.; Jiménez-Cervantes, C.; Solano, F.; Lozano, J.A. ; Kang, N.J.; Choi, I.G. Effect of K. Shorter, K.; Farjo, N.P. Composition Dermatologique et/ou Cosmétique Utilisée Pour la Régénération de la Peau, 2011. Seaweed Extract Is Calming. Heo, S.-J. The secondary metabolites produced in algae tissues are phenolic compounds, pigments, sterols, vitamins, and other bioactive compounds [, Due to the chemical diversity and unique properties, algae have been the subject of many studies and are widely used in the cosmetics industry (, Agar-agar, also known simply as agar or agarose (, Agar is composed of a variable combination containing agarose and agaropectin, depending of the species and seasonal factors. ; Sanjeewa, K.K.A. ; Robert, L.; Robert, A. SEAWEED in COSMETICS by Jan Benham FFHT, IFPA Born from the sea, seaweed has the power to transform the skin. ; Alves, R.C. Still, there are a number of edible seaweeds that are tested for human use. ; Kim, S.H. High-value products from microalgae—Their development and commercialization. Human hair follicles contain two forms of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, only one of which is sensitive to minoxidil. ; Randall, V.A. Zikeli, S. Production process of a new cellulosic fiber with antimicrobial properties. The main bioactivities of fucoxanthin are: antimalarial, antitumor, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antiangiogenic activities. Thalgo. Horwitz, B. Potential effect of phloroglucinol derivatives from, Kang, J.-I. ; Zhang, A.; Kohn, N.; Martinello, S.; Berkowitz, R.; Holick, M.F. stimulate tissue metabolism and blood circulation in the area of application, which helps to mobilize the fat installed in the subcutaneous tissue, as is the case of the unsightly cellulite, in which algae treatment has had very positive results; tonify skin tissues by moisturizing, re-firming and hardening them, to prevent and attenuate wrinkles, delaying the aging of the skin, contributing aesthetically to a more luminous, firm and youthful skin; they give back to the demineralized, brittle or devitalized hair its natural brightness, flexibility and texture, while giving it softness; and. Skin of color: Biology, structure, function, and implications for dermatologic disease. Magnenat-Thalmann, N.; Kalra, P.; Lévêque, J.L. Red seaweeds from the genus Porphyra (purple laver) in particular, contribute at least 80% of all seaweed harvested in the world. Tückmantel, W.; Kozikowski, A.P. ; Kim, M.-K.; Lee, J.-H.; Jeon, Y.-J. ; Karpiniec, S.S.; Stringer, D.N. ; Mendis, E.; Rajapakse, N.; Jung, W.K. Bielenda. ; Abbes, F.; Bouaziz, M.; Besbes, S.; Richel, A.; Blecker, C.; Attia, H.; Garna, H. Effect of extraction procedures on structural, thermal and antioxidant properties of ulvan from. ; Nam, K.-H. Whitening effects of 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol isolated from water boiled with, Kamei, Y.; Sueyoshi, M.; Hayashi, K.; Terada, R.; Nozaki, H. The novel anti-Propionibacterium acnes compound, Sargafuran, found in the marine brown alga. The author thanks Mariana Valado for the revision of the written English. Preparation of building blocks from (+)-catechin. Fernando, I.P.S. Cardoso, S.M. The picture shows some of the many seaweed products or products containing seaweed available today, all of these are made by Irish companies and/or from Irish seaweed. ; Huh, H.; Kim, J. Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease by phlorotannins from the brown alga, Freurence, J. Seaweed proteins, Chapter 9. ; Lee, J.S. ; Tsai, G.J. Available online: Yaich, H.; Amira, A.B. Patent FR2879098 A1. ; Lee, K.W. Seaweed may be the bane of your existence during post-beach showers, but as a cosmetic ingredient, it can be surprisingly beneficial for your skin. ; Thorkelsson, G.; Ólafsdóttir, G. Enzyme-enhanced extraction of antioxidant ingredients from red algae, Kim, Y.-H.; Park, S.; Kim, M.H. Lipids in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations. Analysis by vibrational spectroscopy of seaweed with potential use in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic. ; Rodrigues, F.; Oliveira, M.B.P.P. Algae are the undisputed treasures of the sea. ; Chen, C.; Yang, N.C.; Fu, C.S. UAE and EAE have been reported as alternative approaches with great potential for extracting bioactive substances from seaweed. Kang, J.I. Available online: Lahaye, M.; Robic, A. ; Chen, F. Antiaging effects of astaxanthin-rich alga. Sustainable use of marine resources is crucial for humankind. Industrial uses and seaweed mariculture are described. ; Kraan, S. Bioactive compounds in seaweed: Functional food applications and legislation. ; Luesch, H. Seaweed extracts and unsaturated fatty acid constituents from the green alga. Uses of Red Seaweed in Cosmetics Since the beginning of the 20th century, the use of marine seaweed has been incorporated in the cosmetic industry, especially in France. Available online: Hupel, M.; Lecointre, C.; Meudec, A.; Poupart, N.; Ar Gall, E. Comparison of photoprotective responses to UV radiation in the brown seaweed, Jang, W.S. ; Murúa, P.; Yang, Z. Brenner, M.; Hearing, J. Sugiura, Y.; Takeuchi, Y.; Kakinuma, M.; Amano, H. Inhibitory effects of seaweeds on histamine release from rat basophile leukemia cells (RBL-2H3). These techniques and the quality of the methods have evolved in the last years, so there are many options and the selection of some over the others, depends essentially on the end to be achieved (obtaining the active principle, functional stability, and type of product to be manufactured) and the available technical resources. Burton, J.L. ; Nilo Lino de Queiroz, I.; Barros Benevides, N.M. Red microalgal cell-wall polysaccharides: Biotechnological aspects. Tonnesen, H.H. Hanan, A.; Gowsaly, P.; Elakkiya, V.T. Boonme, P.; Junyaprasert, V.B. In, Fujimura, T.; Tsukahara, K.; Moriwaki, S.; Kitahara, T.; Sano, T.; Takema, Y. Kang, J.-I. ; Laloeuf, A. ; Plouet, J. Vascular endothelial growth factor is an autocrine growth factor for hair dermal papilla cells. Seaweed is an ingredient in toothpaste, cosmetics and paints. Han, J.H. Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal, Received: 10 October 2018 / Revised: 9 November 2018 / Accepted: 9 November 2018 / Published: 22 November 2018, (This article belongs to the Special Issue. ; Son, K.T. ; Rodrigues, M.S. Seaweed extracts can be used in the production process of pharamceuticals and cosmetics. Kim, S.K. Ouyang, Q.-Q. Wild Irish Seaweed.
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