The geology of the region, making it highly susceptible to earthquakes and resultant tsunamis, along with seasonal typhoons and floods, further increases health risks to the population from natural disasters and long-term effects of climate change. Southeast Asia is one of the most disaster-prone regions in the world; the Indian Ocean earthquake off the coast of Sumatra in 2004 caused a devastating tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia, and countries on the fringe of the Indian Ocean — one of the worst natural disasters ever recorded. So far, the healthcare systems with dominant tax funding are fairly stable, in view of the strong role of governments and effective controls by health agencies to overcome inequity problems. System Upgrade on Fri, Jun 26th, 2020 at 5pm (ET) During this period, our website will be offline for less than an hour but the E-commerce and registration of new … We analysed the key demographic and epidemiological transitions of the region to delineate the challenges facing health systems and to emphasize the potential for regional collaboration in health. Countries working together, which increases the movement of people across borders and the exchange of goods, can also spread diseases, including HIV/AIDS. In that period, epidemic and chronic diseases, environmental transformations, and international health institutions have created new connections within the region and the increased interdependence of … This is because air pollution, according to research, is attributable to many other health problems such as heart disease and stroke and kills as many as 6.5 million people every year. 5–53–70 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8925 Japan, Tel: +81 3 5467 1212 Fax: +81 3 3499 2828, Designed and Developed by the UNU Office of Communications, Lancet Series on Health in Southeast Asia, Viet Nam's Data Revolution Is Well on Its Way, As US Influence Wanes, Germany Has the Chance to Step Into the Spotlight, Yes, Giving Money to Very Poor People Will Make Their Lives Better — Just Ask Ecuador. Asia is the fastest-growing and most dynamic region in the world, but government spending on public health is low and is often not focused on those who need it most. ADB encourages websites and blogs to link to its web pages. Public policy in these countries cannot ignore such risks to health, which could have important social and economic consequences. Data were critically appraised and analysed to elaborate trends, projections and associations between socioeconomics and population health measures. Countries in Southeast Asia and their health system reforms can thus be categorized according to the stages of development of their healthcare systems. Further, although population sizes may be similar, greater sprawl can mean that cities like Manila and Jakarta are less densely populated than Mumbai and Delhi. Consequently, to ensure increased financial coverage and affordability, many governments have passed laws to establish national health insurance systems and mandated universal coverage, although implementation is problematic. For many in the region, personal health expenses are a major cause of poverty. Concomitantly, all countries in the region are faced with large or looming chronic disease epidemics. This is because what I find most concerning is that in Malaysia, “younger children (5-9) years showed a higher prevalence of mental health problems (13.1%), compared with older children of between 10 and 15 (11.4 percent) while poor mental health was reported to be highest among those between 16 and 29.” Countries in the northern part of the region, such as the Philippines and Viet Nam, are badly affected by seasonal typhoons that have increased in intensity over time. Health in Southeast Asia 1 Health and health-care systems in southeast Asia: diversity and transitions. Even in the poorest populations of the region, non-communicable diseases already kill more people than do communicable, maternal and perinatal conditions combined, with many of these deaths occurring before old age. Social, political and economic development during the past few decades has facilitated substantial health gains in some countries, and smaller changes in others. These include SDGs related to hunger, health, education, water and sanitation, poverty, women’s empowerment, and sustainable management of natural resources. Southeast Asia has been identified as a region that could be vulnerable to effects of climate change on health, because of large rainfall variability linked to the El Niño and La Niña oscillation, with attendant consequences for health systems. Migration health research and policy in south and south-east Asia: mapping the gaps and advancing a collaborative agenda p. 107 Anuj Kapilashrami, Kolitha Wickramage, Nima Asgari-Jirhandeh, Anns Issac, Anjali Borharde, Ganesh Gurung, Jeevan R Sharma Comprising Mongolia to the north and Indonesia to the south, with all the countries in between, East and Southeast Asia are home to >2 billion persons and include the full economic and development spectrum of nations in the 21st century. Southeast Asia contains about 600 million people, or 9 percent of the world’s population, with Indonesia having the region’s largest population (and fourth largest in the world) and Brunei the smallest. Countries in southeast Asia and their health system reforms can thus be categorised according to the stages of development of their health-care systems. Tobacco smoking is a significant contributor to respiratory ill‐health and death in the Asia–Pacific region as it is worldwide. Regional integration, or the process of countries working together more closely, increases the ability of people to move across borders and trade goods. However in southeast Asia they signify a serious threat that, if unlucky enough, results in debilitating illness and worse. The severity of the fires was closely linked to the occurrence of the El Niño Southern Oscillation, which historically has brought severe drought conditions to Southeast Asia, creating conditions ripe for fires. Data were gathered after a call to regional experts for information on selected subthemes related to health: geography, history, demography, epidemiology and health systems. This cooperation occurred via two channels: direct bilateral collaboration by individual countries (ministries of health and foreign affairs) and those under the aegis of ASEAN. An influenza pandemic in Asia and the Pacific would put the health of millions at risk and have serious economic consequences. Population densities range from a low of 27 people per square kilometre in Laos to a high of 7,022 per square km in Singapore. With the anticipated rise in the ageing population and future problems of intergenerational funding through pay-as-you-go mechanisms, there are experiments with new healthcare financing, such as compulsory medical savings and social insurance for long-term care. Respiratory infections are common secondary complications in survivors, and this topic will be included in the Asia–Pacific respiratory health series in subsequent issues of Respirology. Good health improves learning, worker productivity, and income. The series itself highlights key health issues: infectious disease control, maternal and child health, reducing the impact of chronic diseases, and the finance and human resource issues that need to be addressed to improve health and health equity in this diverse region of the world. In comparison with India and China, Southeast Asia is less visible in global politics and economics. VIDEO 2:30 02:30 Southeast Asia is 'going into a … Population age structures of countries in the region vary widely as a result of past differences in fertility, mortality and migration trends. countries the relevance of the CMH Report and has established a dedicated Working Group The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is committed to achieving a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and the Pacific, while sustaining its efforts to eradicate extreme poverty. The same is true of global health. South Asia, a region of strategic importance, faces public health challenges on a demographic and geographic scale unmatched in the world. Households with healthier and better nourished mothers and children spend less on health care. Health and Healthcare Systems in Southeast Asia: Diversity and Transitions India will prioritise the eradication of malaria on its public health agenda, Union Health Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan has announced on the heels of a landmark report by experts which proclaims that a malaria-free world by 2050 is attainable – if a bold approach is undertaken. With globalization, ensuring accessible health services for citizens is no longer the sole responsibility of the state; healthcare in Southeast Asia is fast becoming an industry in the world market. Further growth and integration of the ASEAN region should prioritize enhanced regional cooperation in the health sector to share knowledge and rationalize health systems operations, leading to further public health gains for the region’s diverse populations. Throughout the region, many innovative pro-poor financing schemes were implemented, such as the Health Card and 30-baht Schemes in Thailand, the Health Fund for the Poor in Viet Nam, Health Equity Funds in Cambodia and Laos, and, even in affluent Singapore, the Medifund, a subsidy scheme for indigent patients. Greatly strengthened health promotion and disease prevention strategies are an urgent priority if the impressive health gains of the past few decades in most countries of the region are to be replicated. January 2011; ... discussion of specific health issues presented in the five . India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka are home to nearly one-fifth of the world’s population. Trends in mortality and fertility are also varied. Forty-three percent of the region’s population live in urban areas, but there is much variation between countries (from 15 percent in Cambodia to 100 percent in Singapore). Some countries, such as the Philippines, Viet Nam and Indonesia, have radically decentralized their healthcare systems with the devolution of health services to local governments — a restructuring that has affected aspects of systems performance and equity, even though the impetus for decentralization was mainly political. With increasing longevity, the pace of increase in numbers of the oldest old (aged 80 years and older) in Southeast Asia is projected to exceed that of East Asia over the period 2025–2050. Population distribution by age in southeast Asia, 2005. Writing a book about public health in East and Southeast Asia is a daunting challenge. Deaths from communicable diseases are still prominent in Cambodia, Myanmar and Laos. Uncontrolled forest fires raged in the Indonesian states of Kalimantan and Sumatra in 1997. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic emphasized the need to strengthen regional health collaboration. Shaped by its history, geography and position as a major crossroads of trade, Southeast Asia is a region of vast social, economic and political diversity. So concludes a Comment summarizing this series about health in southeast Asia. It could also lead to undesirable outcomes whereby only the better-off will receive benefits from the liberalization of trade policy in health. Climate change could also exacerbate the spread of emerging infectious diseases in the region, especially vector-borne diseases linked to rises in temperature and rainfall. (This overview sets the scene for more detailed discussion of specific health issues in five subsequent reports in a series, profiling maternal and child health, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, health workforce challenges and health-care financing reforms. Although urbanization is expected to continue to rise in the region, urban slum populations seem to be less deprived than they are elsewhere, with about a quarter living in extreme shelter deprivation (defined by UN Habitat as a slum household lacking three or more of the following conditions: access to water, access to sanitation, access to secure tenure, a durable housing structure and sufficient living space). As a result, market forces have turned many aspects of healthcare into a new industry in countries such as Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, contributing to labour-force distortions for the production and distribution of health workers both within and across countries. Southeast Asia is a region characterized by much diversity. Rooster on the main street, Ranu Pani. Qualitative information was retrieved from grey literature (e.g., WHO reports) as well as academic literature. As countries in the region succeed in bringing communicable diseases under control, the importance of injury prevention and chronic disease control programmes will become increasingly pressing. The Asia-Pacific region is home to a large heterogeneous population whose respiratory health is influenced by diverse social, economic and environmental factors. Following the lessons learnt from the past financial crisis, most countries have strengthened their social protection mechanisms and essential health services. As well as HIV, sexually transmitted diseases commonly found in Southeast Asia include herpes, warts, syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia. Sexually-active children are getting younger and the absence of institutional efforts on sex education and reproductive health care services lead to complicated health problems for women and girls. Another major challenge facing Asia is … The BMJ's collection on "Health in South Asia" brings together leading health experts from across the region to discuss health priorities and advance the health agenda for the future.South Asia represents a vibrant, dynamic, and fast growing region of the world and is … The Asia-Pacific region is confronted with several emerging health-related issues. Financing of health care is a major - and growing - policy challenge for many countries in Asia. The prevalence of diseases causing high rates of mortality and morbidity, and the lack of skilled health personnel, infrastructure, financial resources and health systems that are responsive to the needs of society, are among them. Injuries are an important cause of death in all countries, though less so in Singapore and Brunei. However, crucial issues involve rising costs, future sustainability of centraliszd tax-financed systems, efficiency and quality of the public services, and higher public expectations. The National Statistics Office reported that mental illness is the third most common form of … A typology of common issues, challenges and priorities are generated for the diverse mix of health systems at different stages of socioeconomic development. The failure to recognize and address mental health problems in children and adolescents is a serious public health problem in the context of Sustainable Development Goals (‎SDG 3.4 and 3.5)‎. Although the financial returns from this strategy seem substantial, equity issues have surfaced concerning the negative effects of international trade in health services and workforce migration on national health systems, especially in widening disparities in the rural–urban or public–private mix. Many traditional health practices persist alongside the use of new medical technologies and pharmaceutical products, presenting regulatory problems in terms of safety and quality. The pressures placed on national healthcare systems by the recent demographic and epidemiological transitions are amplified by the growing demands of an increasingly educated and affluent population for high-quality healthcare. In Indonesia, in 1981, it was estimated that there are 60 million episodes with 300,000 - 500,000 dea … Chains of love: the shocking reality of Cambodia’s mental health care. This article is based on a paper from the Lancet Series on Health in Southeast Asia in which a team of researchers, including Jamal Hashim of the UNU International Institute for Global Health, presents key demographic and epidemiological changes in the region, explores the challenges facing health systems, and draws attention to the potential for regional collaboration. The World Health Organization reports “women and girls face increased vulnerability to HIV/AIDS.” According to an AVERT report on HIV/AIDS prevalence in Southeast Asia, the majority of cases in The Philippines has the highest number of depressed people in Southeast Asia. Most countries have enjoyed continuous rises in life expectancy since the 1950s. Before the East Asian financial crisis in 1997–98 and the recent global economic recession, an expanding middle class in the urban populations of the larger cities pushed their demand for high-quality care into a booming private sector. Government spending on mothers, infants, and children is an investment with major social and economic returns. Enthusiasm for regional economic collaboration continues to grow, evident from the explicit goal of the ASEAN Free Trade Area to increase the region’s competitive advantage as a production base geared towards the world market. This rise will have important implications for management of the burden of disease and healthcare provision for elderly people. Because of poor local economic conditions, the Philippines had a policy to export human resources for health to the world and to richer countries in the region as an income-generating mechanism. Southeast Asia is one of the most disaster-prone regions in the world; the Indian Ocean earthquake off the coast of Sumatra in 2004 caused a devastating tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia, and countries on the fringe of the Indian Ocean — one of the worst natural disasters ever recorded. Business Comment. The region as a whole does not have reliable longitudinal data for disease trends. SMOKING‐RELATED DISEASES. In some cases (Myanmar, Cambodia) political regimes and history of conflict have affected progress, as has HIV in Thailand. While the Asia and Pacific region is generally on track to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, this is not the case for reducing malnutrition and maternal mortality. Another major challenge facing Asia is disease control and prevention. The health-related cost was estimated to be US$164 million. Countries with high mortality rates from communicable diseases also have high death rates from chronic diseases. The environment continues to be an important contributing factor to disease and mortality in the developing world, including countries in Southeast Asia, accounting for up to a quarter of all deaths. People carrying these diseases often have no signs of infection. The Philippines and Indonesia are located on the Pacific Ring of Fire, a zone prone to earthquakes and volcanoes, where around 90 percent of the world’s earthquakes occur. Health is a human right and is essential to development. Appendix B - Health Issues: challenge you to write a poem about malaria. With existing policies of decentralization and liberalization, equity issues and poor infrastructure will continue to challenge the development of the health sector. ... Uber pulls out of South-east Asia by selling operations to rival Grab. For many in the region, personal health expenses are a major cause of poverty. Although life expectancy in all countries in the region has improved, there have been significant variations in the rate of progress. An additional 120 million children in South Asia could be pushed into poverty due to the continuing spread of coronavirus throughout much of the region, according to a … Increasing longevity is a result of diminishing burden from communicable, maternal and perinatal diseases, whereas countries with aged populations have a higher burden of noncommunicable diseases. ASEAN leaders have identified healthcare as a priority sector for region-wide integration. The 1990s began with the opening up of socialist states and rapid growth among market economies in the region. Adolescents constitute an important social and demographic group in the WHO South-East Asia Region, accounting for almost one fifth of the total population of the Region. Countries in the norther… Diarrhoea up till now is still a major problem in Southeast Asia with high morbidity and mortality, particularly among children under 5 years of age, with the peak in children between 6 - 24 months. From an economic perspective, opening of healthcare markets promises substantial economic gains. In this feature by Pacific Prime Thailand, we will shed light on the air pollution issue in Southeast Asia, namely its causes, health impacts, and solutions. The private sectors in Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia have capitalized on their comparative advantage to promote medical tourism and travel, combining health services for wealthy foreigners with recreational packages to boost consumption of such health services. In addition to mental health issues, women also suffer from increased risk of physical health problems in Southeast Asia. However, evidence from studies of disease prevalence shows a strong inverse association with national wealth, which can be largely attributed to the social determinants of health, including the provision of more efficient health systems with greater population coverage. The hazes in Southeast Asia have become an increasingly frequent occurrence and can spread across many countries, causing serious health and safety concerns. ). The 2013 haze — mostly originating from fires in Indonesia — caused problems in Singapore, Brunei, Malaysia, Thailand, and … Health and Wellbeing. The region is home to more than half-a-billion people spread over highly diverse countries, from economic powerhouses like Singapore to poorer economies such as Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar. Despite this variability, the most prevalent causes of respiratory morbidity and mortality are tobacco smoking, infection, and air polluti … Child nutrition issues in Southeast Asia Pamela Victor. Despite their diversity, Southeast Asian countries are attempting to forge a common regional identity to seek mutually acceptable and effective solutions to key regional health challenges. Quantitative data were retrieved from databases of WHO, the World Bank, and the UN Population Fund, as well as from the scientific literature. This has contributed to the disparate health status of the region’s various populations, and to the diverse nature of its health systems, which are at varying stages of evolution. At the same time, however, this process could also intensify existing challenges in promotion of equitable access to healthcare within countries. Based on a number of studies, the Philippines and Thailand top the list of countries in Southeast Asia with the highest teen pregnancy figures. Headquarters6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City 1550, Metro Manila, Philippines. It assists its members and partners by providing loans, technical assistance, grants, and equity investments to promote social and economic development. This year promises to be another dynamic one for Southeast Asia—and hopefully for high-level U.S. engagement with the region. Some of the most innovative and advanced forms of public–private mix in health services have developed within the region — for example, the restructuring or corporatization of public hospitals in Singapore from as early as 1985 and the later Swadana (self-financing) hospitals in Indonesia. Asia is the fastest-growing and most dynamic region in the world, but government spending on public health is low and is often not focused on those who need it most. The environment continues to be an important contributing factor to disease and mortality in the developing world, including countries in Southeast Asia, accounting for up to a quarter of all deaths. It's not a health concern, this is really economic, governance et cetera," he told CNBC's "Squawk Box Asia." Interestingly, mortality rates from these two groups of diseases, as well as from injuries, are correlated. This section highlights the health issues and trends in developing Asia and the Pacific. In 1997, the gravity and extent of haze pollution was unprecedented, affecting some 300 million people across the region. Health issues in India. Even more dramatic, however, these countries are home to two-thirds of the world’s population living on less than $1 a day. Southeast Asia consists of the ten independent countries located along the continental arcs and offshore archipelagos of Asia — Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma), the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam — collectively known as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Regional cooperation around disaster preparedness and in the surveillance of and health systems response to disease outbreaks has obvious advantages as a public health strategy. About ADB, how we’re organized, transparency, Projects, publications, products and services, operational priorities, and development knowledge, Countries with operations and subregional programs, country planning documents, Careers, business opportunities, and investor relations, Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area (BIMP-EAGA), Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT), South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC), Civil Society/Non-government Organizations, Strengthening Health Systems and Services. The health effects of the 1997 haze in Southeast Asia have been well documented. As such, health contributes to economic growth. These trends are, in turn, affected by economic, social, cultural and political developments. Health patterns in Southeast Asia have changed profoundly over the past century. A typology of common issues, challenges, and priorities are generated for the diverse mix of health systems of southeast Asia at different stages of socioeconomic development (see webappendix pp 5–8 ).
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