obstruent devoicing from their L1 to both FLs, which yields a high am ount of non-target-like productions. These examples appear to point to a general rule of voice assimilation whereby an ob-struent acquires the voice value of the immediately following obstruent. For example, /doggu/ is realized as [dokku], and /beddo/ is realized as [betto]. Final devoicing has become systematic in modern Dutch. Many languages with word-final obstruent devoicing also have syllable-final devoicing, but in certain cases only if the following obstruent is voiceless. Examples: eighth [t∞] width [d∞] tenth [n∞] health [l∞] 5. Languages with word-final obstruent devoicing often have homophones. Devoicing is a technical term from linguistics, in particular from the phonetics and phonology, and refers to the process that sound consonant (ie plosives, affricates and fricatives ) at the end of a syllable (ie in their final position ) lose their voicing and voiceless pronounced be. Moreover, obstruent devoicing in syllable final position is a common pattern crosslinguistically, whereas voicing in this position is extremely rare, if in fact it occurs at all. Examples: Deletion of singleton consonants in syllable-final position Note: When final nasals deleted, nasality maintained on preceding vowel. In general, Gothic consonants are devoiced at the ends of words. Final-obstruent devoicing. examples that illustrate syllable final obstruent devoicing in Dutch. If I'm correct about terminal obstruent devoicing continuing in the region, then they never did speak Old High German as we usually think of it note that terminal obstruent devoicing is one of the criteria for distinguishing MHG from OHG. Final devoicing is a systematic phonological process occurring in languages such as German, Dutch, Polish, and Russian, among others.In these languages, voiced obstruents in the syllable coda or at the end of a word become voiceless.. Initial voicing. Such behaviour is … Zonneveld (1983) makes the observation that in Dutch obstruent clusters are generally voiceless within words, examples are spat „splash‟, pasta „idem‟, and naakt „naked‟. Final-obstruent devoicing can lead to the neutralization of phonemic contrasts in certain environments. In these languages, voiced obstruents in the syllable coda or at the end of a word become voiceless. Partial to full devoicing of the sonorant is probably the norm for most speakers. the latter kind with respect to obstruent voicing specification. 2 The puzzle: Incomplete final devoicing The examples in (i) give an alternating pair: a voiceless obstruent at the end of a syllable (in all these cases actually at the end of the word) shows up as voiced when it occurs with an inflectional suffix starting with a vowel — in other words, if it appears in an onset. For example, Russian бес ('demon', phonemically /bʲes/) and без ('without', phonemically /bʲez/) are pronounced identically in isolation as [bʲes]. Obstruent voicing and devoicing. Fields marked with an asterisk (*) are required. When voiced obstruents deleted, length of preceding vowel maintained. Post-Nasal Devoicing and a Probabilistic Model of Phonological Typology Gašper Beguš begus@fas.harvard.edu Abstract This paper addresses one of the most contested issues in phonology: the derivation of phonological typology. The process can be written as *C [+voice] > C [-voice] /__#. In general, a high vowel (/i/ or /u/) that appears in a low-pitched syllable between two voiceless consonants is devoiced and often deleted outright. As with final devoicing, there is an interesting sonorant glitch here: the assimilation also takes place over an intervening sonorant. 1 (1) Devoicing in word- nal obstruent+sonorant sequences. reported to also undergo devoicing. Examples. Figure (1) contains examples of stop-final words. Final obstruent devoicing. Phonological specifications for onset, nucleus and offset for 1697 Dutch monomorphemic words with a final obstruent. They observed complete neutralization of vowel duration and voicing during stop closure in syllable- and word-final position for all six speakers, whereas two South German speakers produced a consonant duration … display in different phonological environments. Examples: feel, tilt ["] 6. Latvian does not feature final-obstruent devoicing. 1.1 Stop/spirant alternation in Catalan (SSA) The voiced stops [b,d,g] alternate with the voiced spirants [”,¶,'] in Catalan. Username/Email * Password * WikiMatrix . Nevertheless, voiced obstruents are devoiced to some extent in final position in English, especially when phrase-final or when followed by a voiceless consonant (for example, bad cat [bæd̥ kʰæt] ). For example, the Dutch words hard (hard) and hart (heart) ... Word-final obstruent devoicing is common in many languages. Dutch and Afrikaans. Initial voicing is a process of historical sound change where voiceless consonants become voiced at the beginning of a word. Final Devoicing in Dutch. OBSTRUENT (=stops, fricatives and affricates) DEVOICING: ... Alveolar consonants become dental before dental consonants. However, if there is no other voiced obstruent, Lyman’s Law does not come into play, and devoicing is not triggered. Is English developing final obstruent devoicing? Post-Nasal Devoicing and a Probabilistic Model of Phonological Typology Ga sper Begu s Abstract This paper addresses one of the most contested issues in phonology: the derivation of phono-logical typology. Final-obstruent devoicing or terminal devoicing is a systematic phonological process occurring in languages such as Catalan, German, Dutch, Breton, Russian, Polish, Turkish, and Wolof. It may be helpful for language learners and teachers to have a basic understanding of the International Phonetic Alphabet, or IPA, before reading this article. spirantization), final obstruent devoicing and regressive voicing assimilation. Relevant examples are in (1). Final-obstruent devoicing or terminal devoicing is a systematic phonological process occurring in languages such as German, Dutch, Breton, Russian, Turkish, and Wolof.In such languages, voiced obstruents become voiceless before voiceless consonants and in pausa. The PIE and Pre-PIE pronominal system from the perspective of a wave model . :Final obstruent devoicing: A phonological constraint which is found in a number of the world’s languages. As will be illustrated in the next sections, Cracow/Poznań Polish seems to be more conservative: final devoicing applies only phrase-finally in this dialect, whereas it is word-final in Warsaw Polish. At the end of a word, non-high pitched vowels are devoiced. WikiMatrix. The phenomenon to be considered in this paper is the voicing alternation that obstruents . For these reasons, we will take the devoicing analysis in (11) to be the correct one. In contrast, palatalization of lingual trills (in contrast to velars), and final obstruent voicing (as opposed to devoicing) are uncommon sound … I noticed recently that in my speech, word-final obstruents are just not voiced, not even partially voiced. Piroth and Janker (2004), for example, conducted an acoustic analysis of German final obstruent devoicing with six speakers from three different dialect regions of Germany. final obstruent devoicing as a form of fortition, hardening (Verhärtung) or strengthening.1 The view has deep roots in the philological tradition and continues to be widely held right up to the present day (see for example Iverson & Salmons 2007). Example sentences with "devoicing", translation memory. English does not have phonological final-obstruent devoicing of the type that neutralizes phonemic contrasts; thus pairs like bad and bat are distinct in all major accents of English. The term obstruent refers to the class of sounds ... they can cause devoicing in neighbouring sonorants. Most varieties of English don't have full devoicing of final voiced obstruents. Main article: Final-obstruent devoicing Final devoicing is a systematic phonological process occurring in languages such as German , Dutch , Polish , and Russian , among others. Obstruents must be voiceless (1) immediately preceding a voiceless sound (2) finally in some domain, usually the word. VELARIZATION Alveolar laterals become velarized word-finally or before a consonant in the same syllable. In word-final position, only voiceless obstruents are possible. The bilingual learners present a higher amount of target-like word-final voiced In such languages, voiced obstruents become voiceless before voiceless consonants and in pausa. This alternation is similar to that found in other Iberian languages including Spanish, Galician, Portuguese, and Basque. [+continuant] to a voiced obstruent in syllable coda. These final obstruents may exhibit a voicing alternation that is traditionally described as syllable-final devoicing: underlying /d/ in /hond/ becomes a /t/ when syllable-final ([hOnt]) and remains a /d/ otherwise ([hOn-den]). For example, as expressed by the Panchronic Sound Pattern Generalization, velar palatalization and final obstruent devoicing are comm on sound changes and they are also common synchronic sound patterns (Guion, 1998; Blevins, 2004, 2006). Examples from Benni (1959) [IPA transcription added] [vjAtr] wiatr ‘wind’ [> tsEtr] cedr ‘cedar tree’ [bACæ] ba sn ‘fairy tale’ ["bO.jACæ] boja zn ‘fear’ Some sources mention that devoicing is not always realised. The markedness of voiced obstruents also holds for obstruent clusters, albeit under occasional additional restrictions. As shown in (3), if voiced geminates co-occur with other voiced obstruent(s), the devoicing applies as expected. I present a new model for deriving phonological typology within the Channel Bias approach. Looking at the rules of Spirantization and Devoicing, it is evident that these two rules must must be ordered such that Spirantization feeds Devoicing… Like the other languages we discuss in these pages, Catalan has asymmetries in the distribution of voiced and voiceless obstruents. Consonants remaining from reduced final clusters may be eligible for deletion. All of these processes will be discussed further below. WikiMatrix. 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